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Iris Illyrica (German
Iris)
The Illyrian iris (Iris illyrica) is a perennial plant from the iris
family (Iridaceae). According to the IOPII (International Organization for
Plant Information) the status of this plant is still unresolved; it is often
treated as a subspecies of the
Dalmatian Iris (I. pallida) which is
scarlely known in its wild form, but listed as one of the important
ingredients of the tall bearded irises.
Its flowering period is May and June. Its best planting position is
in full sun. The soil requirements are dry or average moist, fertile well
drained soil. It is suitable in border and rock gardens. This plant produces
seeds rarely. It produces usually ten seeds that ripen out in autumn.
Its native range consists of much of the ancient region Illyria, for
which it is named, and includes modern Dalmatia, Albania, Kosovo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Montenegro and parts of Serbia and Macedonia, where it can be
found growing wild.
The Illyrians (and later the Romans) considered Iris illyrica to
have medicinal properties. These included the healing of boils and relief of
headaches. The plant was also believed able to induce abortion. Parts were
used in the ancient world as an anti-perspirant and for the manufacture of
perfumes.
Homotypic Synonyms:
- Iris × germanica subsp. illyrica (Tomm. ex Vis.)
Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 700 (1882).
- Iris pallida subsp. illyrica (Tomm. ex Vis.) K.Richt.,
Pl. Eur. 1: 255 (1890). Synonym: Iris illyrica Tomm. ex Vis., Fl.
Dalmat., Suppl. 2: 53 (1877).
- Iris cengialti var. illyrica (Tomm. ex Vis.) Dykes,
Gen. Iris: 168 (1913).
- Iris × florentina var. illyrica (Tomm. ex Vis.) Fiori,
Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 299 (1923).
The name
Iris Illyrica Tomm. ex Vis., Fl. Dalmat., Suppl. 2: 53
(1877) is not accepted by: Poldini, L., Oriolo, G. & Vidali, M..
(2001). Vascular Flora of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. An Annotated
Catalogue and Synonimic Index. Studia Geobotanica 21: 3-227.
Place of publication cited as Veg. Isola Veglia, 63 (1875) as
nom. nud. Flora Europaea gives same reference as validly
published. Unable to find. [as Iris cengialti subsp. illyrica].
Iris Illyrica. © 2006 Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy.
Ilirska perunika (Iris illyrica Tommasini)
Iris is a very grateful garden plant, especially suitable for rock
gardens. Also Iris Illyrica is a plant that grows in rocks, Karst
stones, fences made of stones and very stony meadows. It grows in
dry and sunny places, it is not odd therefore that it prospers best
on Karst edges, sheltered from the north wind (burja). Rootstocks
find their way through rocks almost on the surface and blue-green
leaves of special shape grow out of them, pedicels have from two to
five blue –violet flowers, shaped in a characteristic way that all
irises have: two circles of three coloured leaves and three stamina;
with inferior ovary. Iris illyrica was already described by a well
known botanist
Muzio de Tommasini who was a mayor of Tržič in
19th century. He worked in Slovenia and on eastern Adriatic coast
all the way to Boka Kotorska. He named many plants as "Illirian",
because they grow on the area of ex-Roman province Illyricum. |
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Perunike
so pri nas bolj znane s cvetličarsko popačenko »iris« ali celo
»iriske« in so hvaležne vrtne rastline, še posebej primerne za
skalnjake. Tudi ilirska perunika je rastlina skalovja, kraških
»grobelj« (naloženega kamenja), suhozidov in zelo kamnitih
travnikov. Prijajo ji suha in sončna rastišča, zato ni čudno, če
najbolje uspeva prav na kraških robovih, v zavetrju pred burjo.
Mesnate korenike se plazijo med skalovjem skoraj na površini, iz
njih poganjajo sinjezeleni, na poseben način sploščeni listi, na
pecljih je od dva do pet modrovijoličastih cvetov, ki so značilno
oblikovani na način, kot ga imajo vse perunike: dva kroga po tri
obarvane liste ter tri prašnike; plodnica je podrasla. Ilirsko
peruniko je opisal znani tržaški botanik
Muzio de Tommasini, ki je bil v 19. stoletju tudi tržaški
župan. Deloval je na našem ozemlju in na vzhodno jadranski obali vse
do Boke Kotorske. Veliko rastlin je poimenoval »ilirske«, saj
uspevajo na ozemlju nekdanje rimske province Ilirik (Illyricum). |
Native Range:
Northern Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia (D. Kramb, 09-NOV-03)
Fertilize:
In autumn it’s not necessary to fertilize bulbous plants; in any case
it’s good to enrich the soil of the newly planted bulbs with organic
fertilizer..
- Continental: The Iris illyrica needs direct sunlight, even for many
hours a day. These plants can stand the cold, therefore they can be
placed in the garden during the whole year; they don’t need protection
against the cold..
- Alpine: These plants prefer very sunny locations, where they are
exposed to sunrays for most of the day. These plants are grown in the
garden, in full ground, because they can stand the cold.
- Mediterranean: This plant needs to be exposed to direct solar rays.
The Iris illyrica is grown in the garden, because it can stand the cold.
Water:
Pests:
Before the cold months arrive, a wide range anticryptogamic treatment is
advised; the plants which have been struck by black spot disease or other
fungal pathologies must be cured in a specific manner, remembering to gather
and destroy the leaves affected by diseases.
Dalmatian or Sweet Iris
Iris pallida (Dalmatian Iris or Sweet Iris) is native to the
Illyrian coast (former Yugoslavia) but widely naturalised elsewhere. It is a
member of the subgenus iris, meaning that it is a bearded iris, and grows
from a rhizome. Four varieties (regularly described as separate species) are
recognised with one possible new alpine species having white flowers.
It is cultivated for extraction of essential oils from its rhizome (orris
root). This iris prefers rocky places in the mediterranean and
submediterranean zone and reaches sometimes montane regions at its southern
range in Montenegro. It grows to a stem height of 50 to 80 centimeters. The
leaves are bluish-green in color, and sword-shaped, 40 to 50 centimeters in
length, and 2.5 to 3 centimeters in width. The inflorescence, produced in
May/June, is fan-shaped and contains two or three flowers which are usually
pale purplish to whitish.
Subspecies
Three subspecies of Iris pallida s.l. are recognised by some authors as
species: Iris pallida ssp. cengialti (with deep purplish
flowers) from Slovenia and adjacent Italy,
Iris pallida ssp.illyrica from the North Dalmatian coast,
Iris pallida ssp. pseudopallida from the South Dalmatian coast.
Another subspecies is Iris pallida ssp.
musulmanica. The newly-described Orjen Iris (I. orjenii) has
white flowers.The varíety with deep purplish flowers from Northern Italy and
the Slovenian alps is called Iris cengialti. Iris germanica
of central Europe, "the most common purple Fleur de Luce" of Ray, is the
large common blue iris of gardens, the bearded iris or fleur de luce
and probably the Illyrian iris of the ancients.
Sources:
-
http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?stat=BROWSE&query_src=photos_flora_sci&where-genre=Plant&where-taxon=Iris+illyrica&title_tag=Iris+illyrica
- Wikipedia.com
- http://www.gore-ljudje.net/novosti/34936/
-
http://www.posta.si/postage-stamp/4182/Flora-Corn-buttercup?nodeid=1106
- http://www.aflowersgarden.com/plants/iris-illyrica.asp
-
http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do;jsessionid=7CD364891D2FFB80346BFDF76EA22DAB?accepted_id=329154&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=321974&status=false
and
http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/nonacceptedRef.do?accepted_id=329154&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=321974&status=false
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Created: Saturday, July 17,
2010; Last updated:
Wednesday, April 20, 2022
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IstriaNet.org, USA
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