 |
Left: Konzul's house in Buzet
(now City Hall?).
Source Below:
Apotropaic Figure Above doorway.
Source |
 |
Istarska Enciklopediaaa
(edited)
|
Stephanus Consul [H]istrianus / Stefan
Consul / Stipan Konzul,
protestantski pisac i
prevoditelj (Buzet, 1521 kraj Željeznoga u Gradišću, oko
okolica Železna, 1579).
O
njegovu školovanju ne zna se ništa. Sredinom 1550-ih bio je glagoljaški
svećenik u središnjoj Istri, ali je pristao uz protestantizam, pa je
1549. morao napustiti svoju župu u Starome Pazinu i otići u progonstvo,
najprije u Sloveniju, a 1552. preselio se u Njemačku k Primožu Trubaru
Creiner /
Carnio (1508-86) te nekoliko mjeseci s njim živio u Kemptenu. |
Stephanus Consul Histrianus or Istrianus (a.k.a. Stefan
Consul / Stefan Istrijan / Štipan Konzul /
Stijepan Konzul Istranin, and with declensions found also as
Stipanu Istrianu and Stipana Istrijana) was a Protestant
Reformer, writer and translator, born in 1521 in
Gradisce [near Buzet / Pinguente] and
died [okolica
Železna, 1579].
Nothing is known about his
education. In the middle of 1540s he was a glagolitic priest in
central Istria. He converted to Protestantism and had to leave
his parish in the old city of Pazin in 1549, moving first
to Slovenia and then in 1552 to Germany where he joined
Primus Trubar Carnio / Creiner (1508-86). He lived with Trubar for a few months in Kempten. |
| Potom se 1553. zaposlio kao
učitelj pjevanja u Regensburgu, a 1557. priključio se Trubarovu projektu
izdavanja slovenskih i hrvatskih protestantskih knjiga (što ga je podupirao i —►
P. P Vergerio ml.) te je počeo prevoditi neke njegove spise na hrvatski
jezik, koristeći se glagoljičkim pismom. |
In 1553 he was employed
as a singing instructor in Regensburg
and in 1557 he joined Primus Trubar Creiner in his business, publishing
books on Protestanism in Slovenian and Croatian, which was also
encouraged by P. P.
Vergerio whose papers Consul translated into Croatian using
the glagolitic alphabet. |
| Slovenski protestanti na čelu s
Antunom Dalmatinom, kojega je vjerojatno poznavao još iz Istre,
pozitivno su ocijenili njegove prijevode, držeći kako su tekstovi
razumljivi na širem području Dalmacije, Hrvatske, Bosne, Srbije, čak do
Carigrada. |
Does this belong
with text two paragraphs down?
The Slovenian
Protestants, lead by Antonius Dalmata Exul (Antun Dalmatin), whom Consul knew from
Istria [he may have been either Dalmatian
from Senj or Istrian - see below], approved of his
translations, claiming that these texts were better understood in
areas such as Dalmatia, Croatia,
Bosnia,
Serbia, and even in
Constantinople. |
| Baron
Johann Ungnad
Freiherr von Sonnegg
/
Ivan Ungnad
(1493? -1564?),
a nobleman from Carinthia and
Styria and former governor of Styria, who had fled from the
Habsburgs into the Protestant region of Germany, founded the
Biblican Institute in Urach and became the patron of Slovenian and
other South Slavic writers of Protestant books.
He made Trubar
the first headmaster. Consul se vratio Trubaru, koji je upravo tada s Ivanom Ungnadom u
Urachu ustrojavao Biblijski zavod za izdavanje protestantskih knjiga.
Organizirao je rad tiskare u Urachu, koja je djelovala 1561-65., te je s
Antunom Dalmatinom, koji mu se pridružio, prema Trubarovim tekstovima
tiskao početnicu, Tabla za dicu (1561), Katehismus
(1561), a zatim Novi zavjet na hrvatskomu jeziku: Prvi del
novoga testamenta (1562) i Drugi del novoga testamenta
(1563), published in
Tübingen,
Germany. The New Testament
translations followed Erasmus' Latin version and Luther's German
version.. |
Baron
Johann (III) Ungnad
Freiherr von Sonnegg
/ Ivan Ungnad
(1493?-1564), a nobleman from Carinthia and Styria and former governor of
Styria, who had fled from the Habsburgs into the Protestant region
of Germany, founded the Biblican Institute in Urach and became the
patron of Slovenian and other South Slavic writers of Protestant
books. He made Trubar the first
headmaster. Consul joined Trubar in Urach to start a printing shop for Protestant books
which was active from 1561 to 1565. Antonius
Dalmata also joined him there and they printed a primer,
Tabla za dicu
(1561) (Blackboard for children), Katehismus (1561)
and then the New Testament in Croatian:
Prvi del novega
testamenta (1562) (First part of the new testament) and
Drugi del novega testamenta (1563) (Second part of
the new testament). published in
Tübingen,
Germany. The New Testament
translations followed Erasmus' Latin version and Luther's German
version. |
| Nakon tiskanja prvoga dijela
između njega i Trubara izbile su nesuglasice oko kvalitete
prijevoda, pa je njihova suradnja prestala.
hey had also
translated parts of the Old Testament which were edited in Tübingen
in 1564. |
After printing of the
first part of the New Testament, there was a falling out around
between him and Trubar over the quality of the translation, thus
ending their collaboration.
They had also
translated parts of the Old Testament which were edited in Tübingen
in 1564. |
| Consul
se u studenome 1562. uputio u Istru zajedno s —► J. Cvečićem
[note], posjetio
je mnogobrojne istomišljenike u Sloveniji i Istri pokazujući svoje
prijevode i knjige, nastojeći dobiti moralnu i novčanu potporu za rad
tiskare. |
Consul returned to
Istria in October of 1562 with J.
Cvecic [note]. On their way, they visited a number of people
in Slovenia and Istria who shared the same idealogy, showing them
the books that he had translated and trying to get moral and
financial support
to continue the publishing work in the print shop. |
| Nakon povratka u Njemačku Consul je obišao mnoge gradove u kojima
je također tražio novčanu potporu. Tada su u tiskari izrađivali ne samo
glagoljske, nego i ćiriličke i latiničke knjige, pa i na talijanksom jeziku.
Međutim, nakon Ungnadove smrti potkraj 1564. tiskara više nije imala
pokrovitelja, pa su 1565. tiskane samo dvije knjige, jedna hrvatska i
jedna talijanska. |
Upon returning to
Germany, Consul visited many
cities in his quest for financial support. During that
period, they were able to publish books in
the Glagolitic,
Cyrilic, and Latin alphabets, as well as in Italian. After Ungnad died at the end of 1564,
however, the print shop had no financial supporter, and so in 1565 they printed only two books
-
one in Croatian and one in Italian. |
| Dolaskom nadvojvode Karla na vlast u unutarnjoj Austriji
1564., počeo je u Štajerskoj, Koruškoj, Goričkoj i Primorju te u
Pazinskoj knežiji progon protestanata i spaljivanje njihovih knjiga.
Tiskara je ubrzo zatim zatvorena, a Consul se 1566. vratio u Regensburg,
gdje je ponovno radio kao učitelj glazbe. Ondje je s Antunom Dalmatinom
izdao latiničku Postillu (1568), a ubrzo potom obojica su se
preselila u Gradišće, gdje su netom doseljenim hrv. izbjeglicama pred
Osmanlijama propovijedali protestantizam. |
When Karl came to power
in the central Austria in 1564, he started expelling all the
protestants and burning their books, which happened in Stajeska,
Koruska, Gorica, Primorje and Pazin regions. Shortly thereafter, the print shop was closed and
in 1566 Consul returned to
Regensburg where he continued
working as a music teacher. There he and Anton Dalmatin
published in Latin Postilla (1568) and shortly after
that, they both returned to Gracisce where they preached
Protestantism to newly settled Croatian refugees. |
Other notes:
One source says that Antonius Dalmata / Antun Dalmatin (d.
1579) was a Dalmatian from Senj, and another states he was from Istria.
His physical presence in Istria does not necessarily mean he was born in Istria. Here's
the specific quote:
Excerpts from Das Schicksal der Burgenlndischen Kroaten (The Destiny
of the
Burgenland Croats) by Bela Schreiner (... indicates breaks in
translation) at
http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/BURGENLAND-NEWSLETTER/2000-01/0948048014
Das Schicksal der Burgenlaendischen Kroaten Durch 450 Jahre by Bela
Schreiner. (or in Croatian: Sudbina Gradiscanskih Hrvatov Kroz 450
Ljet);
Eigentuemer, Verleger und Herausgeber: Kroatischer Kulturverein Dr.
Karallstrasse 23, 7001 Eisenstadt, Postfach 26-publishers date about
1983.
[...]
In the 16th century, numerous Croats achieved high rank in the
Franciscan and
Paulist orders. The German-speaking Austrian aristocrats soon detected
in the
Catholic Croats an important power factor, which in their eyes
threatened the
interests of the aristocracy. They tried to win over the
Croats to the
new
faith.
The already mentioned landlord, Hans von Weisspriach, who owned a large
part
of the estates around Eisenstadt, appointed in 1568 a
Croat from Istria,
the
Protestant preacher Stefan Consul, to convert the Croats on his property
to
the new faith...
A second Croat from Istria, Antun Dalmatin supported him, and
together both
translated a "Postille" of the Wrttemberger Professor Johannes Brecius
into
Croatian, and had it printed and distributed among the
Croats. This
"Postille" contained explanations of the gospels, which in their
opinions
supported the new teachings. A second book, the Veliki katehizam (Great
Catechism), printed in 1564 from the same authors, pursued the same
target:
to promote the spreading of Protestantism among the
Croats of west
Hungary,
in order to break their religious autonomy. These two works were the
first
books in the new homeland of the Croats which were printed in the mother
tongue and they became widespread.
It is well known that the intentions of the Protestant aristocracy
to use the
two preachers, Stefan Consul and Antun Dalmatin, to spread Lutheran
teachings
was not particularly successful. The Croats stubbornly rejected the new
religion, which they felt was "German," and drove out from their
villages the
Lutheran preachers who had been imposed upon them, often by the use of
force.
[...]
Published Works:
and to be incorporated:
| GLAGOLJICA: |
| 1560 |
Pokusni list (Crobatischer Probzedl)
Stipan Konzul |
Nürnberg |
200 komada |
| 1561. |
Tabla za dicu (abecedarium)
Stipan Konzul |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Mali glagoljski katekizam
Stipan Konzul |
Tübingen (Urach) |
? |
Katekizam
Stipan Konzul |
Tübingen (Urach) |
2000 komada |
| 1562. |
Edni kratki razumni nauci
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach |
1000 komada |
Artikuli ili deli prave stare krstianske vere
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Postila
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Prvi del novoga teštamenta
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
| 1563. |
Drugi del novoga teštamenta
Stipan Konzul, Antun Dalmatin, Juraj Jurieia i Juraj Cveeia |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Edna kratka summa nikih prodik od tuce
Stipan Konzul, Antun Dalmatin i Juraj Jurieia |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Beneficium Christi. Govorenje veleprudno
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
| 1564. |
Crikveni ordinalic
Juraj Jurieia |
Tübingen (Urach) |
400 komada |
Spovid i spoznanje prave krstianske
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
400 komada |
Bramba augustanske spovedi Apologia imenovana
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
400 komada |
| CIRILICA: |
| 1561. |
Pokusni list u Urachu
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
|
300 komada |
| Abecedarij |
Tübingen (Urach) |
2000 komada |
Katekizam
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
2000 komada |
| 1562. |
Razumni nauci
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Artikuli
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
| 1563. |
Prvi del novoga teštamenta
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Drugi del novoga teštamenta
Stipan Konzul, Antun Dalmatin i Juraj Jurieia |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Postila
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
| LATINICOM: |
| 1555. |
Razgovaranje.
Antun Senjanin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
? komada |
| 1563. |
Katekizam
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
400 komada |
| 1564. |
Crikveni ordinalic[92]
Stipan Konzul, Antun Dalmatin i Juraj Jurieia |
Tübingen (Urach) |
400 komada |
Bramba
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
Spovid
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
400 komada |
Vsih prorokov stumaeenje hrvatsko
Mereeria |
|
? komada |
| 1565. |
Beneficium
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
? komada |
| 1568. |
Prvi del postile
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Regensburg |
? komada |
Drugi del postile
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Regensburg |
? komada |
| TALIJANSKI: |
| 1562. |
La confesione della fede
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Catechismo piocciolo
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
Postila
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
| 1562. ili 1563. |
Artikuli (Confesiones tres)
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
1000 komada |
| 1563. |
La defesa della confessione
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
| 1564. |
Esposizione del salmo LI. e CXXX.
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
| 1564. ili 1565. |
Methodus doctrinae ecclesiale Magdeburgiensis od Melanthona
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
| 1565. |
Tratatto utilissimo
Stipan Konzul i Antun Dalmatin |
Tübingen (Urach) |
500 komada |
| SLOVENSKI: |
| 1563. |
Ene duhovne peisni
Juraj Jurieia i drugovi |
Tübingen (Urach) |
|
LIT.:
- J. Bratulić, Štipan Consul Istrijan, Buzetski zbornik,
1977, 2 (isto u: Izazov zavičaja. Pula 1990);
- A. Jembrih, Stjepan (Štipan]
Consul i njegovo djelo u
kroatističkim istraživanjima 20. stoljeća, Buzetski zbornik, 2002, 28;
- isti, Glagoljski Novi testament (1562] Antuna Dalmatina i
Štipana Consula, ibid, 2003,29.
Other:
- Kalsbeek, J. (2003), "A note on
Istrian cakavian dialect element in Stipan Consul's Katekizem (1564)",
Pegasus Oost-European Studies, p. 141-146.
Note:
Cvečić / Cvecich, (Zwetzitsch, Cuetschisch), Juraj, prevoditelj i
redaktor hrv. protestantskih knjiga (Pazin oko 1520 - kraj Ljubljane,
1585).
Studirao je teologiju u Wittenbergu, kamo je pošao na nagovor Matije
Vlačića. Nakon svećeničkoga redenja službovao je u Istri. Kao pristaša
protestantizma vrlo je brzo organizirao suradnike za hrv. glagolj.
tiskaru u Urachu. Iz svećeničke službe otpušten je 1561., nakon ženidbe.
Otputovao je u Kranjsku, kratko boravio u Metliki i u Ljubljani, gdje su
ga Matija Klombner i Franjo (Francesco) Barbo nagovorili da na hrv.
jezik počne prevoditi teološke tekstove. Dvaput je boravio u Urachu
(1561. i 1562) i radio u Ungnadovoj tiskari, u kojoj su se tiskale hrv.
knjige. Sa —> S. Konzulom Istrijanom vratio su u Kranjsku, Istru i na
Cres, gdje je stvarao mrežu suradnika, prevoditelja i širitelja hrv.
knjiga. Putovao je po Hrvatskoj i Kranjskoj, a neko je vrijeme živio u
Istri i prevodio na hrvatski Djela apostolska. Ostao je međutim u
sjeni Konzula Istranina i Primoža Trubara, pa je daleko manje poznat.
Arhivska vrela u Tubingenu o Ungnadovoj tiskari u Urachu daju mnogo
podataka o njegovu djelovanju. Nakon prestanka rada tiskare u Urachu
1565., bio je protestantski propovjednik u više slov. mjesta (Senožeče
kraj Sežane, Idrija). Ne zna se točno mjesto i nadnevak smrti, a pokopan
je u Ljubljani.
R.
Source: Istrian Encyclopedia, p. 151.
Izvor:
|
tephanus
Consul Histrianus / Stefan Consul / Stipan Konzul Istrianin), pisac i prevodilac; rođen
1521 u Buzetu, umro poslije 1568. vjerojatno u Eisenstadtu.
